References & Methodology
How the calculations work, and the engineering basis behind them.
Results are produced by deterministic engineering formulas — the same inputs always give the same outputs. Each check is evaluated across the nominal, minimum and maximum operating conditions so tolerance effects are visible, not hidden.
Core calculations
Squeeze
Diametral compression of the cord as a percentage, derived from cord size and groove depth across the tolerance range.
Gland fill
Ratio of O-ring volume to groove volume, checked against limits that leave room for thermal expansion and swell.
Stretch
Inner-diameter stretch on assembly, kept within limits that avoid over-tensioning the cord.
Extrusion
Assessment of extrusion risk from the diametral gap, system pressure and material hardness.
Basis & verification
Methods follow established sealing-design practice from published O-ring handbooks and industry standards, used purely as technical reference.
Design results should be verified against the applicable standard and actual operating conditions.